Unveiling the Problems with Classical Theism: A Call for Critical Examination and Reform
By Adis Duderija, New Age Islam
1 January 2024
Throughout history, classical theism (I use the word here in
the sense of approaches to God as espoused by Aristotle, Augustine and Ghazali
to name some famous examples) has shaped
religious traditions, defining the ideal believer through concepts of
obedience, liturgical piety, and devotion. However, an urgent need exists to reassess
these traditional paradigms and redefine religious authenticity in ways that
prioritize multiperspectivity, creativity, and appreciation for original and
contextualized thought. This short piece
outlines the problematic aspects
of classical theism, shedding light on its reinforcement of patriarchal
structures, the presence of eschatological thinking, the notion of eternal
damnation, and the enforcement of rigid beliefs.
I. The Patriarchal Foundations of Classical Theism:
Feminist theology has played a pivotal role in exposing the
inherent problems within classical theism over the past five decades. By
perpetuating a patriarchal understanding of God, this theological framework
reinforces hierarchical ontologies that permeate all facets of society. The
resulting male privilege manifests in the structure and governance of
civilizations, perpetuating gender inequalities and hindering progress toward
gender equity.
II. Eschatological Thinking and Its Implications:
Classical theism, particularly in Christian and Islamic
variations, often embraces eschatological thinking, rooted in their respective
scriptures. This emphasis on apocalyptic visions has led to the emergence of
puritanical sects that ardently pursue the fulfilment of these prophecies.
Throughout history, such extremist groups, including recent examples like ISIS,
have fervently sought to bring about the apocalypse or have based their
ideologies on these eschatological narratives. This apocalyptic mindset can
disrupt social and political stability, potentially leading to violence and
conflicts.
III. The Damaging Effects of the Notion of Eternal
Damnation:
One of the most troubling aspects of classical theism lies
in its promotion of the idea of eternal hell and damnation. Orthodox
institutions have wielded this concept to exert control and manipulate their
followers. By instilling fear and enforcing strict adherence to dogma, the
notion of eternal damnation stifles intellectual inquiry and suppresses
alternative interpretations. This absolutist control not only hampers
individual growth but also undermines the potential for religious pluralism and
dialogue.
IV. Repression and Violence in the Face of Apostasy:
Classical theism has a long history of enforcing
"correct" belief and doctrine, often through violent means.
Dissenters, particularly free thinkers and women who challenge orthodoxy, have
been targeted and persecuted. The fear of apostasy threatens the social order
envisioned by religious institutions, leading to egregious acts of violence and
oppression. This suppression of divergent beliefs restricts intellectual
diversity and inhibits societal progress.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the problems inherent in classical theism
necessitate a critical examination and a call for reform. By redefining religious
authenticity through a lens of multi-perspectivity, creativity, and
contextualized thought, we can forge a more inclusive and tolerant religious
landscape. It is crucial to address the patriarchal foundations of classical
theism, the potentially destabilizing effects of eschatological thinking, the
damaging notion of eternal damnation, and the violence associated with the
enforcement of rigid beliefs. By undertaking these reforms, we can foster a
more compassionate, ethically beautiful ,intellectually vibrant, and socially
harmonious society.
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A decades old patron of
New Age Islam, Dr Adis Duderija is a Senior Lecturer in the Study of Islam and
Society, School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science; Senior Fellow
Centre for Interfaith and Intercultural Dialogue, Griffith University | Nathan
| Queensland | Australia. His forthcoming books are ( co-edited)- Shame, Modesty, and Honor in Islam and Interfaith Engagement Beyond the
Divide (Springer)
URL: https://newageislam.com/debating-islam/unveiling-classical-theism-reform/d/131432
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